The essential distinctions among the stages- of
growth theory of development, the structural
change modal of LEWIS and Chenery, and the organization of international
dependence in both its neo MARXIST and false paradigm conceptualizations
Rostow is dividing a country's economic development process into five stages, namely: (1) phase
of the traditional economy,
with per capita income is low and
stagnant economic activity, (2) preconditions for take-off stage, where
the preconditions for the growth stages of preparation, (3) Phase take-off, is the
beginning of the process of sustainable economic
growth, (4) stage to maturity, in this case aimed at heading
stage of economic maturity, (5) high mass
consumption stage, the stage has entered a
stage of development associated with the industry
2. The Harrod-Domar growth model
This theory emphasizes
the concept of natural growth rate. In addition to the quantity of production factors of labor also increases
the efficiency calculated for the education and training.
This model can determine
how much savings or investments
required to maintain the natural economic growth rate that is a natural
economic growth rate multiplied by the capital-output ratio.
3. The Structural change model of Lewis
This model is a special model that
describes the case of developing countries whose
population is growing a lot. The emphasis is on the transfer of surplus
population in the agricultural sector into the modern capitalist
sector of the industry-funded from the surplus profits. Structural change models
of Lewis stated
that if the surplus labor of the modern
industrial sector has labors absorption is
higher, so it will
promote the industrialization and by itself will
spur the development
of sustainable.
· 4. The structural
change model of Chenery
This model focus on structural changes in
the stages of the process of
economic change, industrial and institutional structures
of emerging economies,
which experienced a transformation from
traditional agriculture to switch to the industrial sector as the main engine of economic
growth. Hollis Chenery
research conducted on the transformation of production structure shows that the increased role of the industrial sector in the economy in line with
the increase in income per capita is happening
in a country closely linked with the accumulation of
capital and improving human
resources (human capital). This pattern also requires that in addition to physical and
human capital accumulation, it is also necessary that the set of interrelated
changes in the structure of the economy of a country for the implementation of
the change from the traditional economic system into a modern economic system.
These structural changes involve the entire economy functions, including
transformation of production and changes in the composition of consumer demand,
international trade and changes in socio-economic such as urbanization,
population growth and distribution.
· 5. The
Neocolonial –Dependence Model
Model of colonial dependence is
an indirect outgrowth of Marxist thinking. The main idea
is that a disproportionate relationship between the
central state which consists
of the developed and the periphery is composed
of the developing world. This model also argues
that small elite in
developing countries, such as the military, entrepreneurs, and the authorities,
contributed to the preservation of
retardation. Because they help preserve the international
capitalist system is unjust, oppressive, and
they do get benefit
from it.
· 6. The
false-paradigm model
Underdevelopment of Third World countries is caused by errors or
inaccuracies counsel/advice given
by advisers and
experts from international
aid agencies and donor
countries, multinational donors. Advice or suggestions
they may mean well but often do not
have enough information about the country to be assisted, especially developing countries.
I think the best explanation is
related to the situation in most developing countries is the neocolonial
dependence model (neo-Marxist). This model explains
that economic development on developing countries depend
on developed countries, especially in direct
investment (foreign capital loans) in the
mining sector and import of
goods produced. Most developing countries are in a phase change into
an agricultural state of emergency state of the
industry that relies heavily on
developed countries in terms of providing technology that is able to increase state revenue
through a variety of sectors that would
require a lot of
technology in addition to its human quality. Automatically
so that developing countries rely heavily on developed countries, where dependence is
not balanced relationship
between the central state of the State
periphery.
Thanks so much
BalasHapusThanks Sir!
BalasHapus